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Russian Military Medical
SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS Vol. 41 (4) 2022 Academy Reports
446
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/rmmar111889
Review Article
Immune-mediated and autoimmune

disorders of central nervous system

after new coronavirus disease

Alexandra O. Kozlova, Alfiia Kh. Zabirova, Ekaterina V. Baydina, Mariya N. Zakharova
Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia

Autoimmune and immune-mediated diseases of the central nervous system are relatively rare, but potentially severe
and disabling complications of the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Despite the lack of exact prevalence of this group
among other complications of COVID-19, its study lately receives increasing attention. Big variety of mechanisms could be
involved into pathogenesis of autoimmune and immune-mediated disorders of the central nervous system, including the
aberrant immune response to direct viral invasion, neuroinflammation and activation of T- and B-lymphocytes, forma-
tion of autoantibodies as a result of cross-reactivity or due to molecular mimicry, etc. This review discusses recent data
on the pathogenetic mechanisms as well as clinical features of the most common complications of COVID-19: myelitis,
MOG-associated diseases, spectrum of neuromyelitis optica disorders. Multiple potential biomarkers detected
in post-COVID-19 patients and their diagnostic and clinical value are discussed. Given the increased number of patients having
COVID-19, the study of such diseases, their connection with infection, and possible mechanisms seems to be an extremely
relevant area of modern neuroimmunology.

Keywords: autoimmune diseases; coronavirus disease; COVID-19; myeline oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; myelitis; neuromyelitis
optica spectrum disorders; SARS-CoV-2.

To cite this article:
Kozlova AO, Zabirova AKh., Baydina EV, Zakharova MN. Immune-mediated and autoimmune disorders of central nervous system after new
coronavirus disease. Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2022;41(4):445–453. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/rmmar111889

Received: 14.10.2022 Accepted: 20.10.2022 Published: 17.11.2022

The article can be used under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license
© Authors, 2022