Page 73 - Программа - Всероссийский конгресс с международным участием «Нейронауки: интеграция теории и практики», 18-19 ноября 2022 года, Онлайн

Russian Military Medical
SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS Vol. 41 (4) 2022 Academy Reports
422
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/rmmar111884
Review Article
Graphene as the basis of biological sensors

for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementia

2
2
1, 2
Sergey V. Vorobev 1, 2, 3 , Ivan K. Ternovykh , Aleksandr А. Lebedev , Aleksandr N. Smirnov ,
2, 4
Aleksandr S. Usikov , Sergey P. Lebedev 2
1 Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia;
2
Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute,Saint Petersburg, Russia;
3 Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia;
4 Nitride Crystals Aluminum-N, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Cognitive disorders are currently being considered within the framework of the most pressing problems of modern clini-
cal neurology in particular and medicine in general. Their significance is due to both the significant negative impact on the
health and quality of life of patients, as well as the condition of their immediate relatives and society as a whole. In addition,
widespread violations of higher cortical functions significantly affect the financial and economic indicators of individual
groups of individuals and the state. These provisions determine the need to search for new highly effective ways of managing
patients. The solution of this problem is impossible without the introduction of effective diagnostic methods that allow rapid
and qualitative verification of the pathological process, especially at its early stages. Given the fact that Alzheimer’s disease
plays a major role in the development of dementia in old age, the development of its diagnostic methods is the interest area
for the researchers. Currently used diagnostic algorithms, which include, in addition to neuropsychological examination,
such methods as the study of the content of β-amyloid and τ-protein in the cerebrospinal fluid, positron emission tomog-
raphy, a number of others are either invasive or require expensive specialized equipment and have a high financial cost.
This leads to a significant limitation of their use in everyday clinical practice. At the same time, certain successes have been
achieved recently in the field of the introduction of nanotechnology products into medical science. This is the direction for
the further prospects for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. One of the materials obtained in this
direction is graphene, which is a two-dimensional allotropic modification of carbon with a number of specific physical prop-
erties. Currently biological sensors based on graphene are being developed, which have high sensitivity and specificity to
the biomarkers under study and allow them to be determined in extremely low concentrations. The research in this direction
may lead to the creation of a new diagnostic method that allows for the effective diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease in the
early stages, including at the outpatient level.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; beta-amyloid; biological sensor; biomarker; cognitive impairment; dementia; graphene;
neurodegeneration.

To cite this article:
Vorobev SV, Ternovykh IK, Lebedev AА, Smirnov AN, Usikov AS, Lebedev SP. Graphene as the basis of biological sensors for the diagnosis of
neurodegenerative dementia. Russian Military Medical Academy Reports. 2022;41(4):421–428. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/rmmar111884

Received: 12.10.2022 Accepted: 19.10.2022 Published: 17.11.2022

The article can be used under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license
© Authors, 2022